ABSTRACT
Objective To study the function and effect of Oleanolic acid to cholestasis on regulating bile acids transporters. Methods A total of 45 rats were divided into 9 groups,5 rats in each group. The Sham group,Bile duct ligation group and Oleanolic acid group were treated with saline or Oleanolic acid for 3 days,7 days and 14 days. Then the liver and tested bile acids transporters in mRNA and protein lev-els were collected. Results The expression of bile acids transporter OSTβ with Oleanolic acid was increased after 3 days. The expression of OSTβ and BESP in Oleanolic acid group after 7 days were increased than those in Sham group. Fourteen days later,the increasing tendency of OSTα,OSTβ and BSEP were sensiable. Conclusion Oleanolic acid can stimulates the expression of bile acids transporters OSTalpha-beta and BSEP in bile duct-ligation rats.
ABSTRACT
Clinics are a main institutional form for doctors to open personal business in China .The develop-ment process of clinic reflects the situation of medical staff free practice .This study summarized the supervision poli-cies on clinic in China since the founding of China and got three conclusions .The first one was the attitude of the practice of the clinic has changed significantly .The change include four stages which were authorization ( 1949—1957 ) , limitations ( 1958—1977 ) , re-authorization ( 1978—1996 ) , promotion and encourage ( 1997—) along with macroeconomic system reform and the changes of government's governance ideas on health sector .The second conclu-sion was that the government gradually raised awareness of the status and role of the clinic institutions in the health system over the past several decades .The third conclusion was the supervision policies became more meticulous .In the future , clinical institutions can be a useful supplement to public medical institutions in China for its development process and characteristics .
ABSTRACT
Teaching hospital plays a central role in training excellent doctor.Clinical teaching secretaries act as the advisor,coordinator,logistics people and supervisor in hospital clinical teaching management.Their duties include helping leader form and fulfill teaching plan,collect and arrange teaching records.To better accomplish the teaching secretarial job,a clinical teaching secretary should keep improving professional quality and personal comprehensive ability,ameliorating working methods and enhancing innovative thinking in a sound managing and evaluating system.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore an effective method for enhancing basic clinical skill of students.Methods Selective course of basic clinical skill was launched for the fourth grade clinical medicine students by using simulation-based medical education (SBME).Elective courses have 21 class hours,involving 15 items of basic clinical skills in internal medicine,surgery and nursing.Training methods include preparation,explanation,demonstration,operation,group competition,examination and questionnaire.Selective course examination includes class activation and final examination,accounting for 20％ and 80％ of the final scores,respectively.Scores were classified into A (excellent),B (good) and C (moderate) levels.Scores and questionnaire data were processed by Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software and percentages of score and questionnaire feedback were calculated.Results Results suggested that the scores of 70％ students were more than 90.Results of questionnaire indicated that the basic clinical skills of 76.6％ of the students were improved a lot.79.2％ considered that it was useful for their clinical practices.Conclusion Clinical-skill course based on SBME is conducive to enhancing basic clinical skills of students.